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  The twenty-first century has been marked by numerous transformative events that have reshaped the global landscape. One of the most significant occurrences was the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, which profoundly impacted international security policies. The global financial crisis of 2008 exposed the vulnerabilities of interconnected economies and led to widespread economic reforms.

Advancements in technology, particularly the rise of social media, have revolutionised communication and information dissemination. Climate change has emerged as a critical challenge, prompting international agreements such as the Paris Accord to mitigate environmental damage.

The Arab Spring uprisings demonstrated the power of collective action in challenging authoritarian regimes across the Middle East.

The COVID-19 pandemic, beginning in 2019, has had unprecedented effects on public health, economies, and social behaviour worldwide. Brexit, the United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union, has redefined political and economic relationships in Europe.

The proliferation of artificial intelligence has sparked debates about ethics, employment, and the future of human-machine interaction.

Global movements advocating for racial justice and gender equality have gained significant momentum and visibility. Space exploration has advanced with missions to Mars and the development of private spaceflight companies, expanding humanity's reach beyond Earth. The rise of China as a global superpower has shifted geopolitical dynamics and economic balances.

Cybersecurity threats have escalated, necessitating enhanced measures to protect sensitive information and infrastructure.

Renewable energy technologies have progressed, aiming to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and combat climate change.

The refugee crisis has highlighted the humanitarian challenges posed by conflict, persecution, and climate-induced displacement. Populist political movements have surged in various countries, influencing domestic and international policies. Scientific breakthroughs in genetics and medicine have opened new avenues for treating diseases and understanding human biology. The global emphasis on sustainability has transformed industries and consumer behaviour towards more eco-friendly practices. Digital currencies and blockchain technology are reshaping financial systems and challenging traditional banking models.

Education systems worldwide are evolving, incorporating digital tools to enhance learning and accessibility.		      
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050 In 55BC, Julius Caesar (ur. 100 p.n.e. - 15 March 44 p.n.e.) the general of the Roan army - attempted an invasion of Britain. He failed, and his later attempts to take the country were also unsuccessful. Then, after almost 100 year in 50-ies a.d., the Emperor Claudius led one last attack. Dispite the best efforts of leaders such as Boudicca (królowa Icenów zamieszkujących wschodnią Brytanię), Britain was conquered. Boudika jest uznawana za symbol walki o wolność i bohaterkę ludową Wielkiej Brytanii. Imię Boudiki pochodzi od celtyckiego słowa boudda oznaczającego "zwycięstwo".      
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100 Cesarz rzymski Hadrian (ur. 76, zm. 138), to keep out the rambunctious (kłótliwy) rebels from Scotland constructed what is famously known as Hadrian's Wall. Many parts of this wall still remain, such as the forts of Housesteads and Vindolanda. The Romans constructed roads and other buildings, created laws which remain to this day and introduced new species to the British countryside. They were here for 400 years, during which time religious Christian communities began to flourish and grow.      
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410 The Romans left Britain to defend other  areas of land and never returned. This left Britain open to invasion from other European tribes, such as the Saxons, the Angles and the Jutes. By AD 600, Britain was under Anglo-Saxon rule.      
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600 While the Anglo-Saxons were not Christians when they first arrived in Britain, over time missionaries from across Europe arrived, preaching about Christianity. Famous Christian Irish missionaries such as St Patrick and St Columba made their names by spreading the word of God across the country. St Augustine (Augustyn z Canterbury (ur. ?, zm. 604), nie należy mylić z Augustynem z Hippony (ur. 354, zm. 430) led missionaries from Rome, who spread Christianity in the south of Britain. St Augustine was later named the first Archbishop of Canterbury, a role which remains hugely significant today.      
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780 In 789 AD, the Vikings arrived. Warriors from Norway and Denmark, they initially raided coastal town, taking away expensive goods and even slaves. After the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in Britain united under King Alfred the Great, the Vikings were defeated. The result of this was that many of the invaders remained in the country, in an area known as the Danelaw, and settled/mixed with local communities. Areas such as Grimsby are named based on Viking languages. The Viking invasion had a significant impact on Scotland too. The threat of attack and the efficiency of the unified (jednolitej) Anglo-Saxon army persuaded the people of the north to unite under one king - Kenneth MacAlpin. This marked the beginning of when the term "Scotland" started to be used.      
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880 The Anglo-Saxons under King Alfred the Great (ur. 849, zm. 899) defeated the Vikings.      
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